甘蓝型油菜HD-ZIP基因家族的鉴定和表达分析

为揭示HD-ZIP蛋白家族成员在甘蓝型油菜全基因组中的分布及相关特征，通过生物信息学方法共鉴定出74个HD-ZIP转录因子，分别被定位到甘蓝型油菜的19条染色体和8条随机序列；这74个HD-ZIP蛋白都含有高度保守的HD-ZIP结构域；系统发育进化树将该家族成员聚为4大类；共线性分析发现大部分基因不仅在A和C染色体组间存在共线性，而且在各自染色体组内也存在串联重复事件；基因表达分析发现，大部分HD-ZIP家族基因在根和叶中均有表达，并且在根中表达的基因多于叶片，受到盐胁迫处理时，大部分基因表达量会增加。初步明确了甘蓝型油菜HD-ZIP家族成员结构特点和相关功能，为进一步研究甘蓝型油菜HD-ZIP蛋白家族基因的生物学功能奠定了基础，为油菜抗性育种工作提供科学依据。     

闽北地区枫香优树子代生长性状变异分析及选择

在福建省三明市郊国有林场对来自安徽省南部黄山地区的53个枫香家系进行子代测定试验,开展优良家系选择。结果表明,14年生时,试验林树高、胸径、地径、材积、圆满度的平均值分别为9.87 m、7.87 cm、11.18 cm、0.0267 m3、0.72,变幅分别为0.90~16.7 m、2.30~15.60 cm、3.20~22.50 cm、0.00072~0.15060 m3、0.21~0.97,树高、胸径、地径、材积、圆满度的家系遗传力分别为0.476、0.550、0.531、0.520和0.414,单株遗传力分别为0.188、0.211、0.207、0.221和0.107。通过综合比较,从参试的53个家系中选择出9个速生优良家系,树高、胸径和材积的平均值分别为10.70 m、8.98 cm和0.0415m3,平均遗传增益分别为2.50%、5.00%和19.37%,这些优良家系适宜福建省三明地区推广应用。     

香蕉GAPDH基因家族的生物信息学及转录表达分析

从香蕉基因组数据库和NCBI数据库中检索香蕉GAPDH基因家族的所有成员,并采用生物信息学方法对其进行亚细胞定位、进化树分析和保守结构域预测。克隆测序发现,巴西蕉内的GAPDH基因家族成员序列与小果野蕉基因组数据库中提供的序列基本一致,同源性超过98%。转录表达分析表明,GAPDH基因家族成员在巴西蕉不同器官的表达模式多样:MaGAPCP1,MaGAPC6/8/10/11成组成型表达,其余的基因则在各组织器官间成差异型表达,且差异型表达的基因在不同组织器官中表达模式也不相同,组成型表达的基因在不同组织器官中表达模式虽相同,但表达量有差异。GAPDH基因家族成员在表达模式上的多样化,可能暗示其功能的多样化,这种多样化可能是在进化过程中为适应环境而出现的功能分化或冗余。结果为进一步研究GAPDH基因家族成员在香蕉生长、发育,非生物胁迫,果实后熟等重要生物学过程中的功能奠定基础。     

Divergence of a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during an outbreak of ovine mastitis

Bacterial infections causing mastitis in sheep can result in severe economic losses for farmers. A large survey of milk samples from ewes with mastitis in Sardinia, Italy, indicated an increasing prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. It has been shown previously that during chronic, biofilm-associated infections P. aeruginosa populations diversify. We report the phenotypic and genomic characterisation of two clonal P. aeruginosa isolates (PSE305 and PSE306) from a mastitis infection outbreak, representing distinct colony morphology variants. In addition to pigment production, PSE305 and PSE306 differed in phenotypic characteristics including biofilm formation, utilisation of various carbon and nitrogen sources, twitching motility. We found higher levels of expression of genes associated with biofilm formation (pelB) and twitching motility (flgD) in PSE305, compared to the biofilm and twitching-defective PSE306. Comparative genomics analysis revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and minor insertion/deletion variations between PSE305 and PSE306, including a SNP mutation in the pilP gene of PSE306. By introducing a wild-type pilP gene we were able to partially complement the defective twitching motility of PSE306. There were also three larger regions of difference between the two genomes, indicating genomic instability. Hence, we have demonstrated that P. aeruginosa population divergence can occur during an outbreak of mastitis, leading to significant variations in phenotype and genotype, and resembling the behaviour of P. aeruginosa during chronic biofilm-associated infections.     

三七NAC基因家族全基因组鉴定与表达分析

为明确三七Panax notoginseng NAC转录因子基因家族的分布、功能和结构,通过生物信息学分析法进行鉴定,对其理化特性、染色体位置和进化特征进行分析,并根据RNA-seq数据分析其家族成员的时空表达模式和受黑斑病菌Alternaria panax诱导后的表达情况。结果显示,三七中共有98个NAC基因家族成员,其编码蛋白质长度介于104～882个氨基酸之间,分子量在11.78～100.20 kD之间,等电点在4.12～9.75之间。这98个NAC基因家族不均匀地分布在三七的12条染色体上,其中1号染色体分布最多（16个）,而11号染色体上分布最少（1个）。三七NAC基因启动子区域存在与光响应、生长素响应、赤霉素响应及茉莉酸甲酯响应等相关的多种顺式作用元件。NAC基因在三七不同组织及根部不同发育时期均有表达,在受到黑斑病菌侵染的叶片中NAC部分基因家族成员显著上调表达。表明NAC基因家族在三七的生长发育和响应黑斑病菌侵染过程中具有重要作用。     

C57小鼠和C57BL/6 FMR1 KO小鼠剖宫产手术及其仔鼠生长情况的比较研究

目的 C57BL/6小鼠和C57BL/6 FMR1 KO小鼠剖宫产手术及其仔鼠生产情况的比较。方法将C57和FMR1两种小鼠分成两组,每组雌雄按1:1配对,通过剖宫产手术取得仔鼠,C57母鼠作为代乳母鼠,分别比较两种小鼠的妊娠时间、成功受孕时间、7 d成活率、产仔数、离乳率。结果 FMR1小鼠在成功受孕时间、7 d成活率、离乳率上与C57小鼠存在显著差异。结论通过剖宫产净化手术获得FMR1小鼠,为后续开展保种和育种工作提供重要保障。     

No effect of exogenous melatonin on development of cryopreserved metaphase II oocytes in mouse

Background

This study was conducted to investigate effect of exogenous melatonin on the development of mouse mature oocytes after cryopreservation.

Results

First, mouse metaphase II (MII) oocytes were vitrified in the open-pulled straws (OPS). After warming, they were cultured for 1 h in M₂ medium containing melatonin at different concentrations (0, 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁷, 10⁻⁵, 10⁻³ mol/L). Then the oocytes were used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels (fluorescence microscopy), and the developmental potential after parthenogenetic activation. The experimental results showed that the ROS level and cleavage rate in 10⁻³ mol/L melatonin group was significantly lower than that in melatonin-free group (control). The GSH levels and blastocyst rates in all melatonin-treated groups were similar to that in control. Based on the above results, we detected the expression of gene Hsp90aa1, Hsf1, Hspa1b, Nrf2 and Bcl-x1 with qRT-PCR in oocytes treated with 10⁻⁷, or 10⁻³ mol/L melatonin and untreated control. After warming and culture for 1 h, the oocytes showed higher Hsp90aa1 expression in 10⁻⁷ mol/L melatonin-treated group than in the control (P < 0.05); the Hsf1, Hsp90aa1 and Bcl-x1 expression were significantly decreased in 10⁻³ mol/L melatonin-treated group when compared to the control. Based on the above results and previous research, we detected the development of vitrified-warmed oocytes treated with either 10⁻⁷ or 0 mol/L melatonin by in vitro fertilization. No difference was observed between them.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the supplementation of melatonin (10⁻⁹ to 10⁻³ mol/L) in culture medium and incubation for 1 h did not improve the subsequent developmental potential of vitrified-warmed mouse MII oocytes, even if there were alteration in gene expression.     

河北天牛名录初志

本文报道了在河北省境内为害林木、果树的天牛科昆虫5亚科64属99种,并对其已知分布地点和寄主植物作了介绍。     

七叶树种间和种内生长与形态差异

七叶树(Aesculus spp.)是重要的药用经济树种,传统中药娑罗子即为七叶树种子,通常用于治疗胃寒腹胀、小儿疳积、痢疾等病症.国外在18世纪初就将欧洲七叶树(A.hippocastanum L.)种子和幼枝外皮的乙醇制剂用于解热和治疗痔疮、静脉曲张等疾病.